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We reviewed the progress of the bio-jet fuels industry in recent years and systematically analyzed the technical routes that have been approved or in the pipeline for approval by ASTM D7566. In addition, we highlighted a novel pathway to produce drop-in fuel by near-critical hydrolysis of waste cooking oils or algal oils followed by catalytic decarboxylation. Also, we introduced the source of oils and fats feedstock and the domestic bio-jet fuel industry status during the 12th Five-Year-Plan period. Based on our own research, we discussed the prospect of the bio-jet fuel industry and future research needs.
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Objective To investigate the effect of serum of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients with blood stasis syndrome (BSS) on proliferation and cycle of EC9706 cells, and to explore the action of blood micro-environment of ESCC patient with BSS on EC9706 cells. Methods Human EC9706 cells were cultured in an incubator with RPMI-1640 medium containing fetal bovine serum ( FBS) , at 37℃ and under 5% saturated humidity for 24 h. After EC9706 cells were starved in serum-free medium for another 24h, the three experimental groups were treated with serum of ESCC patients with BSS, serum of ESCC patients with spleen-qi deficiency syndrome (SQDS), and serum from healthy volunteers, respectively. Cell proliferation was determined by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium ( MTT) assay, EC9706 cell morphology was observed under light microscope, and cell cycle was measured by flow cytometer (FCM). Results The serum concentrations of ESCC patients with BSS and ESCC patients with SQDS for obtaining 50 percent cell proliferation rates ( PI50) were 71.1 μL/mL and 118 μL/mL, respectively. And the proliferation of EC9706 cells in the both groups all arrived to the peak values at culturing hour 48. The light microscopy results showed that the feature of EC9706 cells in both groups presented as spindle-like or polygon-like shape, and cell count in BSS group was larger than SQDS group. FCM assay results for EC9706 cell cycle showed that the percentage of G1-phase EC9706 was decreased and the percentage of S-phase EC9706 was increased in BSS group as compared with those in SQDS group ( P<0.05). Conclusion Serum micro -environment in ESCC patients with BSS is more beneficial to EC9706 cells proliferation than ESCC patients with SQDS, and the mechanism may be related to the regulation of cell cycle.
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Objcetive To evaluate the clinical significance of bone biochemical metabolic markers in osteoporosis( OP),and investigate the clinical application value of the determination.Methods BMD at various skeletal sites was measured by XR-36 dual energy X-ray absorptiometry for 65 patients.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to determine bone biochemical metabolic markers in sera of 65 patients with osteoporosis and 62healthy controls.Results The levels of serum TRACP5b and 25-OH-VD3/25-OH-VD2 in OP group were higher than that in control group( P ＜0.05),meanwhile the level of BGP,BAP and Ca were varying degrees higher than that in control group,but the level of P was lower than that in control group.Conclusion TRACP5b,BGP,BAP,VD3/2 and other bone metabolic markers can be used as indicators of early detection of osteoporosis,in order to provide valuable data for early treatment of osteoporosis.
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Objective To observe the changes of serum bilirubin(BIL) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP) after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI) in acute myocardial infarction(AMI) patients.Methods The TBiI,IBil,DBil and hs-CRP levels in serum were detected in 60 AMI patients within 6 hours after attack with immunoturbidimetry before PCI,at the point of operation,6h,12h,24h,72h and 7d afer PCI.30 healthy persons were chosen as normal control.The two groups were compared.Results The hs-CRP level was increased gradually with time in AMI patients after PCI.The peak value was at 72h after PCI and it was significantly higher than those in the normal group( P ＜ 0.05 ).The TBil,IBil,DBil levels at pre-PCI point were significantly lower than the normal group (P ＜ 0.05).These index were gradually recovered to the normal group and no significancet differences between them (P ＞ 0.05 ).The coefficient correlation of hs-CRP and TBil,IBil,DBil were 0.44 ( P ＞ 0.05 ).Conclusion The TBil,IBil,DBil and hs-CRP levels in short time after attack of AMI with PCI presented a dynamic changing and recovered to the normal level.No associativity was observed between them,but as the follow-up index,it was significant for the disease turnover.
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Objective To investigate the clinical significance and relationship of preS1, HBV DNA and HBV-M. Methods PreS1 and HBV-M was detected by ELISA method,and HBV DNA was detected by PCR. Then the results were analyzed. Results In HBV patients,the positive rates of preS1 and HBV DNA had no statistically significant ,they had fine dependability. The detection rate of preS1 in HBeAg(+) group(80.3%) and HBeAg(+)group( 56.3% ) had statistically significant. In some patients,though HBeAg had become negative, HBV still replicated. In HBV DNA replicated patients(≥103 copies/ml) ,the detection rate of HBeAg and preS1 were 51.5% and 70.9% ,they had statistically significant. Conclusion HBV DNA and PreS1 had fine dependability,preSl could reflect the replication of HBV sensitively than HBeAg,it could be used as a reliable new marker of HBV replication in vivo.
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Objective To analyze the immunological feature of the multiple myeloma. Methods The serum of 117 cases were detected by serum protein electrophoresis and immunofixation electrophoresis;and analyzed quantitatively immune globulin(IgG、IgA、IgM) ,total protein and albumin. Results Monoclone protein peak was found in 67 patients out of 117 patients tested(57.3%) ,it located mainly at γ border. Immunoglobulin G was found in 62 patients out of 117 patients tested(53.0%). Immunoglobulin A was 19 cases(16.3%) ,Immunoglobulin M was 12 cases(10. 1%) ,DL was 2 cases(1.7%) ,free light chain was 22 cases(18.8%). Homotypic immunoglobulin level increased notably and non-correspond constituent was low in immunoglobulin test. The protein quantified displayed that total protein increased and albumin decreased in different level. Conclusion The seroimmunological index played a crucial role in diagnois,clinical stage and prognosis of MM.
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Objective To investigate the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD)and risk factors in the adult population of Tianshan district in Urumqi, Xinjiang. Methods A total of 2131 residents from 4 communities in Tianshan district of Urumqi city were randomly selected using a stratified, multistage sampling. All the residents were interviewed and tested for morning spot urine of albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) (abnormal ≥ 30 mg/g), morning spot urine dipstick of hematuria ( abnormal ＞3 red blood cells/HP or greater) and pyuria ( abnormal＞ 5 white blood cells/HP) confirmed by microscopy. Renal function was determined with abbreviated MDRD equation [reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)＜60 ml ·min-1 ·(1.73 m2)-1]. The associations of kidney damage indicators with age, gender, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, income,education, cholesterol, triglyceride and smoking were examined. Results Eligible data of 2131 subjects were collected in the study. After the adjustment of age and gender component, the prevalence of albuminuria was found in 2.63％ (95％CI:1.78％-3.48％) of subjects, hematuria in 7.43％(95％CI:6.11％-8.75％) and reduced renal function in 1.72％(95％CI:1.08％-2.35％).Approximately 9.99％(95％CI:8.47％-11.55％) of subjects had at least one indicator of kidney damage. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that albuminuria, hematuria, age and hyperuricemia were independently associated with reduced renal function. Hematuria and reduced renal function were independently associated with albuminuria. Albuminuria, reduced renal function and female were independently associated with hematuria. Conclusion In urban adult population over 35 years old of Urumqi, a big city in western China, the prevalence of CKD is 9.99％, the recognition is 2.44％ and the risk factors of CKD are similar to those of other domestic big cities and western developed countries.
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Objective To explore the diagnostic value of cystatin C(CysC) on early kidney damage in primary hypertension. Method To detect the CysC, BUN, Scr, UA in Ⅰ (31), Ⅱ (31), Ⅲ (31) stage of primary hypertension patients and 40 control cases ,then compared these results with normal control. Results The level of CysC in serum of Ⅰ , Ⅱ, Ⅲ stage of primary hypertension was(0. 81 ± 0. 16), (0. 94 ± 0. 23), (1.19 ± 0. 46) mmg/L, all of them were higher than normal control (0. 75 ± 0. 10) mg/L. The difference of CysC between Ⅱ、Ⅲ stage of primary hypertension and normal control was significant (t = 4. 195, t = 4. 446, P ＜ 0.01). The level of CysC in Ⅲ stage of primary hypertension was higher than in Ⅰ , Ⅱ stage(t = 4. 382 ,t = 4. 250,P ＜ 0.01). Significant positive correlation was observed between CysC and Scr(r = 0. 713,P＜0.01) ,CysC and UA(r=0. 45,P ＜0.01). Conclusion Serum CysC was a sensitive and reliable indicator on early kidney function damage in primary hypertension.
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Objective To study the effect of flee radical on kidney repedusion injury caused by infra-renal abdominal aorta occlusion in rat model and its possible mechanism. Methods Forty-two healthy Wis-ter rats were randondy divided into 6 groups as following ( n = 7) : the control group( sham group) ; simply isehemia 5 h without reperfusion( group I) ; 2 hours reperfusinn following ischemia 5 h ( I/R 2 h), 4 honrs reperfusion following isebemia 5 h ( I/R 4 h), 8 hours reperfusinn following ischemia 5 h( I/R 8 h) and 12 hours reperfusion following ischemia 5 h ( I/R 12 h). In each group the rats were killed to obtain samples of blood and kidney at the specified time points. The contents of BUN, Cr, MDA, SOD in blood and in renal homogenate were measured in each group. We observed the morphological changes of kidney and muscles of lower limb by light microscope. Results BUN level of serum in model group I, I/R 2 h, I/R 4 h, I/R 12 h were higher obvionsly than those of control group, which were maximal in I/R 4 h, then decreased. MDA level of plasma in model group I, I/R 2 h, I/R 4 h, I/R 8 h, I/R 12 h groups were higher obvionsly than those of control group, which were maximal in I/R4 h group, then decreased. SOD level of plasma in model I/R 4 h, I/R 8 h groups were lower obviously than those of control group; SOD level of renal homogenate in model group I, I/R 2 h, I/R 8 h, I/R 12 h groups were higher obviously than those of group I/R 4 h, which were minimal in I/R 4 h group, then increased. By light microscope: The injury degree of kidney and muscles of lower limb in ischemia group was slight, the injury degree of repedusion group was severer than ischemia group. Conclusion The kidney repedusion injury caused by infrarenal abdominal aorta occlusion in rat model might be concerned with the increase of lipid peroxidatian damage after ischemia-repedusion in-jury of lower limbs.
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Objective:To develop a Subject Interest Inventory (SII) for senior high school students.Methods:The SII was structured by incorporating rational-theoretical and empirical techniques. The item functionality, scale reliability and validity were established.Results:Final version was a 90-item scale measuring student's 9 subject interests. The internal consistency and test-retest reliability were acceptable. The structure of SII was confirmed by intercorrelations among the subscales and by exploratory factor analysis. Evidence of concurrent validity was supported by: (a) the correlations between the interests and the scholastic achievements; (b) the gender differences in subject interest and in the correlations between the interests and the achievements; and (c) the different interests scores between the art students and the science students.Conclusion: These results suggest that the structure of SII is acceptable, and that its reliability and validity indexes are sound.